The Iran Contra Affair The Public - 1320 Words

During the Iran-Contra affair the public, as well as congress, were left in the dark about a deal was made with the enemy country of Iran to sell weapons to them to aid in their war with Iraq. Once sold the Profit were given to the Contras in Nicaragua. I will be arguing that advertising dollars, using the military as a source, and flak were used to skew the public’s perception of how the affair took place. When all of this began President Reagan had told Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who also worked as the head of the National Security Council, that he needed a way to get Iran back on our side after the fall of their previous leader Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, known as â€Å"The Shah†. While The Shah was in power Iran was one of America’s†¦show more content†¦Now North had to find a way to both help the president fulfill his desire of getting Iran back on our side and helping the Anti-Communist regime down in south America. So North, along with other government officials, sold the 12.5 million dollars worth of weapons to Iran for 30 million. To avoid detection the 12.5 million was transferred into an American bank account while the remaining profit of 17.5 million was transfer to a Swiss bank account. From there the money was wired to the Contras and used in the war effort. Once this information had started spreading throughout the American public artist began to make work based on the Conflict as both a way of raising awareness and to put blame on those who are responsible. When looking at Steve Greenberg’s work you see he is focusing on President Reagan and adding in type that is an American citizen’s point of view on how that affair took place. Each from does not play out second to second but more in one motion then the next used as a way to show a longer period of time passing. President Reagan was known for always having jelly beans on his desk so that artist uses that as a way for the viewer to recognize who it is without writing it somewhere on the page. This was one of multiple pieces of work Greenburg did as a way of letting the American people know that even though he may not be taking blame for it, the President knew what was happening. Others

Effects of Nutrition Choices and Lifestyle Changes on the...

â€Å"Effects of nutrition choices and lifestyle changes on the well-being of cats, a Carnivore that has moved indoors† Debra L. Zoran and C.A. Tony Buffington Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Vol. 239, No. 5, September 1, 2011 Genevieve Ball Animal Nutrition 505, Dr. Shapiro October 13, 2011 Main Summary The domestication of cats can be perilous as their nutritional changes in dietary protein and caloric intake effects their metabolism, muscle mass, water intake, urine acidity levels, and immunity against diseases, all of which effect their overall feeding behavior, well-being, and physical health. 70% protein intake is considered adequate in a cat’s daily diet, however studies show that a more accurate†¦show more content†¦597). However, when studying the effect of protein intake on an obese cat, it was discovered that increased protein intakes of greater than 3.3g of protein/kg resulted in greater loss in fat mass versus decreased protein intakes (Zoran, 2011, p. 598). Other studies prove that a protein dominant (verus carbohydrate dominant) diet is a necessity with benefits for felines as it promotes optimum immunity against the development of urolithiasis in the urinary tract, inflammatory bowel disease in the gastrointestinal tract, and diabetes mellitus in domes tic cats. While the feline species have changed from a feral to domesticated environment, it is important that their diets remain properly balanced and protein dominant in order for cats to efficiently function and thrive. Blended Summary The domesticated feline, an obligate carnivore, continues to be challenged by the genetically required diet versus owner (human) preferred diet. While cats require a diet that is higher in proteins and lower in carbohydrates, owners are feeding diets that are adversely low in protein and high in carbohydrates, thus resulting in excess calories and obesity and nutritional deficiencies (â€Å"Cats Need High Protein, Low-Carb Diet,† 2011, p. 22). Cats are adapted to eating 10-20 small meals throughout the course of a 24 hour period, and flavor, scent, temperature, and texture are all factors thatShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesBelmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning:

Teamwork Communication and Group Free Essays

Communication is essential throughout our daily life, both in our personal life and professional life. Communication skills are vital when we are working towards a common goal as a part of a team (Kearney-Nunnery, 2008). By observing and evaluating yourself when in interaction with others, we can learn how to communicate effectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Teamwork: Communication and Group or any similar topic only for you Order Now Group work demonstrates our capacity to communicate effectively, share and reflect on our opinions, gain trust for group members, and resolve conflicts. A team can be defined as â€Å"a group of individuals who work together to produce products or deliver services for which they are mutually accountable (Tyrer, 2004). Teamwork is described as â€Å"a dynamic process involving two or more [health professionals] with complimentary backgrounds and skills, sharing common [health] goals (†¦ ). This is accomplished through interdependent collaboration, open communication and shared decision-making (Ream Xyrichis, 2007). † â€Å"Effective collaboration can lead to effective teamwork (Canadian Health Services Research Foundation). † One of the most commonly used methods to assess our performance is through writing a reflective evaluation. In this assignment, I have been asked to reflect on my communication patterns and experiences whilst working within a group. This semester we were asked to work in small groups of 4 – 5 students to prepare a 20 minute information session on the ‘completion of documentation’, and perform a presentation in front of the class. In this assignment I will demonstrate my understanding of group dynamics and communication skills, reflect on my experience during the group activity, and briefly explain how the member contributions were divided up for the group presentation. Team members are described as â€Å"having complementary skills, being committed to a common purpose and holding themselves accountable for their performance (Tyrer, 2004). † These descriptions make it clear that teams are about working together as a group, and each member of the team has a purpose within the group, in working towards a common goal. Team members share goals and are mutually held accountable for meeting them (Canadian Health Services Research Foundation). † To be effective, team members must be flexible and tolerant. For successful teamwork, there must be open and effective communication between all of the team members. Open communication means that all members of the team have their chance to share ideas without being criticized. Establishing such communication between all members is vital for productivity and achievement of goals. â€Å"If effective, the team is more likely to utilize the full range of diverse knowledge and skills available (Tyrer, 2004). † Because the team is held collectively accountable, integrating with one another is expected and included in the responsibilities of each member. Unequal levels of participation between the members of the team may inhibit the smooth running of a team (Caldwell et al). Group working allows people’s individual skills and knowledge to merge, which compensates in areas where individual members are lacking. â€Å"It has been argued that teamwork offers greater adaptability and creativity than any one individual can offer, while promoting job satisfaction and staff retention. (Ream Xyrichis, 2007)† Many variables affect teamwork and team performance on group assignments; including the individual characteristics and personalities the students, the mode of delivery, and understanding of what teamwork involves. During the group work activity I learned how to work with different personalities. Everyone approached the topic differently. I think each group member brought a unique perspective to the group, which helped to create ideas and allowed the group to discuss each angle with each other. Although our group did not have a clear leader chosen at the start of our group work, I believe Rebecca held many of the essential qualities of a group leader. â€Å"The leader has the responsibility to develop team processes (for example, clarity of roles and support for the team) and create favourable performance conditions for the team (Canadian Health Services Research Foundation). Our group decided to divide the topic of ‘completion of documentation’ up into categories with subheadings (e. g. reasons for documentation, history of documentation, forms of documentation, errors in documentation, etc. ); each group member was then responsible for writing a paragraph on one bullet point, ensuring we distributed the work fairly among the group. However, we did all of the b rainstorming as a group and used group meetings to create outlines for the designated points each person was to follow. Once a draft was written, each group member edited it and gave comments, but final adjustments were left to the writer’s discretion. This was to ensure that our categories flowed nicely. We then met as a group and collectively created a PowerPoint presentation with the information we had gathered, instead of having one person doing the majority of the work. In between group meetings, we kept each other updated on our progress via emails. This allowed us to exchange information and share resources. We used email to keep in touch with team members as an easy way to get a hold of other members of the team in the fastest way possible. I found this effective as we were able to maintain contact during our busy weeks. Although I thought communicating via email was appropriate due to the colliding schedules of the group members, more direct observation of the team at work together as a group would be helpful in my assessment of the effectiveness of teamwork behaviours, and the writing of this paper. More frequent team meetings dedicated to the group presentation may have resulted in better communication, which could have allowed for better transfer of knowledge and therefore may have increased our team performance during the presentation. During group meetings, all members participated actively, trying to express their point of view. I think everyone had equal opportunity to voice their opinions and incorporate their ideas into the presentation. I thought working in a group setting was really valuable, which enabled us to expand our communication skills, and become more aware of our behaviour in group situations. In summary, Teamwork is the interaction or relationship of two or more people, who work interdependently towards a common goal. Team-based methods of working have many advantages. Team working has been viewed as a valuable way of improving performance, and quality of working life in a health care setting. Teamwork will accomplish a task more effectively and efficiently than an individual effort. Working in a team requires effective communication. For teamwork to be successful, it is important that every member of the team has patience or tolerance for the opinions of the rest of the team members. When members respect each other’s opinions, there will not only be an increase in productivity, but in teamwork itself. The development of an effective team requires a positive attitude and commitment toward teamwork, along with an understanding of what teamwork involves. REFERENCES Caldwell, K. , Atwal, A. , Copp, G. , Brett-Richards, M. , Coleman, K. (2006). Preparing for practice: how well are practitioners prepared for teamwork. British Journal of Nursing, (15) 22, 1250-1254 Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. (June 2006). Teamwork in healthcare: Promoting effective teamwork in healthcare in Canada. Policy synthesis and recommendation. Retrieved October 13, 2010 From: Http://www. Chsrf. Ca/Research_Themes/Pdf/TeamworkSynthesisReport_ E. Pdf Kearney-Nunnery, R. (2008). Advancing your Career: Concepts of Professional Nursing (4th ed). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis. Tyrer, J. (2004). What lessons can we learn from effective teamwork? Nursing Residential Care. 6 (2), 86-88 Xyrichis, A. Ream, E. (2007). Teamwork: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing: Theoretical paper. 61, 232–241. How to cite Teamwork: Communication and Group, Papers

Personal Identity Philosophical Views Essay Example For Students

Personal Identity: Philosophical Views Essay Personal Identity: Philosophical Views Essay Tim V Kolton Alan Watts once said, Trying to define yourself is like trying to bite your own teeth. The task of personal identity is to define a quality of a human which makes him or her a unique self. The person whose identity is in question must realize themselves, and other people must identify this person. In other words, what makes John unique from Bob? One must consider both internal (mind) and external (body) perspectives. There are several general philosophical theories of this identity problem. In the following paragraphs one will find the body theory, soul theory, and a more detailed explanation of the conscious theory. One theory of personal identity is known as the body theory. This is defined as a person X has a personal identity if and only if they have the same body Y. However there are two problems with this definition. The first is qualitative. It is necessary to have the same body, but if that body is changed, is one the same person? Someones body is surely different at age 40 than at age 4. Also a problem arrives in alterations to a body. If John goes to war, becomes injured by a mine, and then has his legs amputated is he not still the same person, John? Therefore, the preceding definition of body theory is not sufficient, since it does not account alterations to the same body. Yet another problem is numerical. If someone were to get a finger chopped off, would that finger be considered another person? What if a scientist was to use someones DNA and replicate another person with the same body? Surely just because there are two identical bodies, these bodies cannot be the same person. They would live two different lives. Therefore, the body theory alone cannot be considered a necessary and sufficient definition when defining personal identity. Another common theory of personal identity is the soul theory. This theory is: a person is has personal identity if and only if they have the same soul. The problem with this theory is arrived from the definition of a soul. Soul is a very difficult term. It is thought by many to be a spirit that passes from your body into another realm (i.e. , heaven, hell, etc.). However, since no one has ever seen, felt, touched, smelled, or tasted a soul, it is a mysterious phenomenon. Since we have no clear and distinct idea of a soul , it would not be wise to base the definition upon it. For instance, some religions believe in reincarnation after death. This is when a soul enters another body. With this in mind, someones soul such as Elvis could become reincarnated in someone else named John. However, we would not say that this Elvis and John are the same person . Therefore, the definition of the soul theory fails in that the definiens does not become sufficient for defining personal identity. The most recognized true philosophical theory of personal identity is the consciousness theory. The consciousness theory is believed by most to be the best definition of personal identity according to most philosophers. However, there are three different versions of the consciousness theory that will be discussed in further detail: the conscious self, experiential content, and connected stream of consciousness theories. First, we have the theory of a conscious self: a person has a personal identity if he or she has the same conscious self. In other words, if two people have a different conscious, then they each have personal identity. At a first glance, this would be a good definition of a personal identity. It is analogous to Descartes cogito, I think therefore I am. Being conscious would mean knowing that one exists, and able to think about any experience that happens. However the main fault with this is that it is a circular definition. Hesters Letter Essay We are using the definiens in the definiendum which is not a good tactic of defining personal identity. Next, a common derivative of the consciousness theory is the consciousness of experiences theory. This is defined as having the same experiential content. This theory is based upon Lockes theory of the mind being blank, and building from experiences. One would have personal identity because only one being can go through the same experiences in a finite space. This theory does solve some problems arrived at by other theories. Say for instance there are two twins. This would be difficult to explain in the body theory of personal .

Why Do People Join Gangs Essay Example

Why Do People Join Gangs Paper Gangs, or most people define as a group of criminals who band together for mutual protection and profit, are still widely increasing in the united States today. Even though everyone can agree that any gang related activities and crimes are against the law, people still Joins it regardless with various reasons: Desire for protection, to appear cool, and have a sense of family. People often Join gangs to get a protection from others. Especially in ghetto, where most of the gangs originate from, people struggles to live every day because of a high crime rate and low Income. Jolting gangs would be the only way for them to live safely because they seek to protect one another. While some people Join gangs mainly to survive, the others are completely opposite. They join gangs in order to appear or sound cool. These mostly affects youth because they like to stand out than the rest especially at school. Some gangs are even designed to attract young recruits. Some wears the latest fashion trends, throw the hottest parties, and drive the coolest cars. They can appear to have the perfect lifestyle to a young kid whos looking to fit In somewhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do People Join Gangs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do People Join Gangs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Do People Join Gangs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They have an Image f coolness that has been established by the media. Although some might think having a coolness and protection is some of the reasons why people Join gangs, it is very situational and only targeted towards certain groups. Usually, the main reason why people join gangs is to have a feeling of family. Most of the gang members are from a broken family, abandoned child, and others that were not accepted from the society. They do not understand having a sense of people who actually care for one other. So when they Join gangs and develop their first sense of strong bonds, they would most likely to be part of a gang. There are many other reasons why people Join gangs such as a peer pressure, need for money, excitement, and so on. But overall, people Join gangs to be in part of something that they never have experienced before. Even though they know it is against the law to kill a person, do drugs, and possess illegal weapons, they will still do It regardless because they care for one another. 1 . What is the full official name of the gang? Blood Oath (Bloods) A. K. A. East Coast Bloods 2. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? They are all about the protections. Bloods would risk their lives to protect the other members. 3. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? B. L. O. O. D. Stands for Brotherly Love Overriding Oppression and Destruction of Society. Wears red clothes to symbolize the blood. D. O. G. S. Stands for Doing Only Gangster S*it. Star shaped symbol represents soul, body, unity, lost, and love. 4. What are three toner things you nave learned tout tons gang Trot ten Tall? I nee nave to take another persons life in order to become bloods. They are usually respectful of the other gangs. Bloods usually dominates the east and the west coast of U. S. 5. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? After G-check, whoever that hesitates to answer the blood questions gets killed. 6. What is the full official name of the gang? Hells Angels 7. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? Mostly known as Fun for rebels, Hells Angels is the biker gangs that seeks to discipline the other gangs. They mostly does the organized crimes and sells drugs. . What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? T. C. B. Stands for Take Care of Business. They sells their specialized drugs called D. O. A. In which stand for the Dust of Angels. They usually have a weekly chapter meeting at church. 9. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? They hate Mongols. About 85% of their members has been arrested for felonies. They are very secretive. 10. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Casino crime scene. It has been recorded vive by using a security camera and also known as the most violent crime in Casino. 11. What is the full official name of the gang? MS-13 12. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? MASS, Just like any other gangs, a goal is to make everyone know that they are the most powerful gang in the world. They seeks for drugs, power, and their race. 13. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? 13 represents the 13th letter of an alphabet. Mar Salvation is the leader of a gang. 14. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? To be in part of MASS, new members has to get grounded for 15 seconds Very famous for being the most ruthless gang MASS exists in more than 42 states. 15. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Bus massacre where all of the passengers got shot and dead including the children. 16. What is the full official name of the gang? Skinheads frontline on the race boards (Neo-Nazis) 1 / want Is ten agenda or reason Tort ten gangs existence? Is It race, protection, rugs, or a combination of various factors? Their goal is to make races separated and to show the others that whites are the most superior races than any other races. They are very violent and racist. 18. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? Boot party refers to beating with a pair of boots as a group They wear the white and blood shoelaces to represent their race and blood. 19. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? They have swastika tattoos. Skinheads were first originated from Great Britain and created from the gap between ICC and poor. Homesick nation is known as the most dangerous white race group in the world. 20. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Just hitting a random person because he/ she is not white. Sometimes led to death. 21 . What is the full official name of the Latin Kings 22. What is the agenda or reason for the gangs existence? Is it race, protection, drugs, or a combination of various factors? Their primary goal is to protect their race. They also do drugs, but it was not as important as their race and protection. 3. What are the gangs colors and/or symbols? How do they identify themselves? Armor De Ray means love for Spanish. They usually cannot trust their own members. Yellow represents their symbol as a Latin. White manifesto teaches a lesson on how to behave. 24. What are three other things you have learned about this gang from the film? Normally gets killed if someone breaks the rule. They would attack anyone who is wearing anything associated with red. King blood is the leader of Latin Kings because of his crime record. 25. What did you find to be the most violent crime or dangerous activity the gang engaged in that was shown in the video? Murder of King Roman. Killer chopped off the corpse and set it on fire. And also attempted to eliminate King Maggie during Halloween but he barely escaped. How do you feel society could better deal with the gang issue? Do you feel tougher laws or intervention programs could make a difference? What would you do to tackle the gang problem? Gangs have been existed for decades and it still is. The society as a whole already terra a numerous way to prevent ten est. Adolescent Ana ten recruitment AT gangs and while some did work, the rest did not. Although having tougher laws or intervention programs might help to suppress the problems temporarily, there is no definite solution to prevent the gang issues, and there will not be. As a society advances through the development of technology, medicine, and others, a lot of people will expect that the problem becomes easier to solve, but in reality, it becomes much difficult. Having a better technology do not only benefit the society, but also the gang members, which makes the problem even more complicated. An internet for example, although it helps people to have an access to a recent news and alerts, the gangs can have an access to that also. When a police car comes by, it notifies the nearest gang members to be cautious. The society is trying their best to deal with issues, but it is a lot more complicated than most people think. Making the laws tougher or having an intervention programs might help, but it does not extinguish the problems completely; it is like Darnings theory of evolution. When the police hires more officers to deal with gangs, a lot of the gangs will surrender but whoever that gets to survive gets to make even more powerful gangs. Same thing applies to the intervention programs. While the program may help a child o become more aware of the society, whoever that were already in an influence of other gangs will not care regardless. Personally, if solving all these issues were up to me, I would do the exact same thing as what society wants me to do. Making the laws stricter, hiring more police officers, and educating more children, that is what I would do because I know that the gang issues are not as easy to solve as what most people think. When technologies grow, the gang will grow, and when the society drops, the gang will drop too. There are many ways to prevent it, but no way to solve it.

Building a Comprehensive School Discipline Referral Form

Building a Comprehensive School Discipline Referral Form A school discipline referral form is utilized in most school districts. Each district tailors the referral form to meet their particular needs. There are many important reasons that school districts require their teachers and administrators to utilize these forms. These include: Creating a paper trail to protect everyone involved.Gives the principal a starting point and foundation for gathering information relevant to the behavior infraction.Can help establish and document a pattern of student behavior.Guides the discipline process ensuring that every student sent the office on a discipline referral is being met with the same process.  Forces the teacher to evaluate what prior strategies they have implemented on their own to attempt to correct the behavior. Schools that do not use a school discipline referral form to document student behavior issues will likely have several obstacles should legal action be taken by a constituent of the district. Filling out and adhering to a school discipline referral form does take time. However, it is worth it as serves to protect everyone involved in the process. Categories Defined   Others Involved - None, Peers, Teacher, Staff, Sub, OtherPotential Witnesses - List all people who are not directly involved, but may have seen the incident.Nature of Incident - Excessive Talking, Unprepared for Class, Excessive Tardies, Inappropriate Language, Violation of Dress Code, Disrespect, Violation of School Bus Rules, Disorderly Conduct, Defacing Property, Truancy, Lying/Cheating, Uncooperative, Horseplay, Misuse of Electronic Device, Harassment, Bullying, Fighting/Assault, Vandalism, Violation of State Federal Laws, Violation of School Policy, OtherDescribe Incident - List a detailed description of the incident containing all of the known facts.Possible Motivation - Avoid Activity, Avoid Adult, Avoid Peers, Avoid Task, Obtain Peer Attention, Obtain Adult Attention, Obtain Activities, Obtain Items, Other, Dont KnowPrevious Classroom Discipline History of Student - Explain other behavior issues (related and unrelated) you have had with the student in the class.Previously Us ed Teacher Intervention Strategies - Counseling Referral, Parent Conference, Conference with Student, Seat Change, Detention, Loss of Privilege, Social Skills Instruction, Extra Assignment Students Statement - Provides the student with an opportunity to explain themselves and become a part of the process to find a solution.Consequences Assigned by Administrator - Class Removal, Campus Beautification, Counseling Referral, Alternative Placement, Loss of Privilege, Detention, Conference with Student, Mentoring, Conference with Parent, Out-of-School Suspension, In School Placement, ExpulsionFollow-Up Plan - Provides an opportunity to check up on the student, provide the resources, and a plan to support them in correcting the behavior. Sample School Discipline Referral Form Student Name: _____________________________________ Grade:_______________________ Referring Teacher: _________________________________________________ Date: ___/___/___   Time:____________ Location: ______________________________________ Others Involved: ________________________________________________________________ Potential Witnesses: _____________________________________________________________ Nature of Incident: ______________________________________________________________ Describe Incident:  Ã‚   ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Possible Motivation: ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Previous Classroom Discipline History of Student _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Previously Used Teacher Intervention Strategies (If applicable) ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Teacher Signature: ______________________________________________________________ Administrators Report   Student’s Statement What rule did you violate? ___________________________________________________________ Why did you violate the rule? _________________________________________________________ Did you get what you wanted? ________________________________________________________ What is another alternative to get what you want? _________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Consequences Assigned by Administrator   _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Parent Notification Method   ______ Phone Call ______ In Office ______ Email ______ Letter ______ Other _____________ Referral to Other Services (If Necessary) ______ Discipline Review Team _______ Counseling _______ Local Authorities ______Other Follow up Plan   _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Student Signature: _________________________________________ Date: ____/_____/_____ Administrator Signature: _____________________________________ Date: ____/_____/_____ Parent Signature: __________________________________________ Date: ____/_____/_____

Civil engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Civil engineering - Essay Example d maintenance of natural and physical built environment as roads, bridges, buildings, canals and dams A degree in civil engineering covers subjects in mathematics, physics, design, project management and specific topics in civil engineering. Civil engineers possess an academic degree with a major in civil engineering whose length of study varies from three to five years. After completion of the certified degree program, the engineer must satisfy the exam requirements and have work experience before being certified as a professional engineer. Certification means that the certified engineer may prepare, sign and submit engineering plans and drawings to a public authority for approval while abiding by the code of ethics set by the certifying bodies. The field is concerned with rocks, soils, highways, sewers and underground water systems, foundations of buildings and bridges. The professional engineer studies technical information obtained from material testing, sciences of geology and hydraulics to design foundations and structures while ensuring safety and economy of the project. This discipline is concerned with the science of waste management, water purification, cleaning of contaminated areas, industrial ecology and reduction of pollution. Policy makers rely on technical data obtained through environmental engineering to make environmentally related decisions. It deals with the management of quality and quantity of underground water and above ground water resources, like rivers, lakes and streams. It involves analyzing geographical areas to forecast the quantity of water that is likely to flow into and out of a water source. It deals with the design of structures to ensure that they are economical, safe for the users and serve the desired function. Loads acting on the structures and the stresses created due to these loads are identified in order to design a structure that withstands these loads. The structures include bridges, tunnels, highways, steel

National versus Military Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

National versus Military Intelligence - Essay Example Intelligence used by the government therefore must be a community effort and the community has the responsibility of providing the required information to enhance the success of the intelligence. Since September 2001, there has been an increased need for improving the levels of intelligence and sharing of information. Police had a significant role in the study of national and military intelligence but this was curtailed when it was discovered that the police were in some way involved in abuses such as opposing the governmental operations. Information sharing is however an important aspect in intelligence whether national or military (George &Bruce, 2008). National intelligence is an integration of various departments of intelligence in a country that aims at covering the broader aspects of national policy and national the security of the entire nation. It is concerned with various departments and is more competitive than any intelligence department can be. National intelligence therefore is a complex body made up of various intelligence units and it aims at maintaining security of the entire nation. Various defense departments also constitute this body and together, they ensure the national security. National intelligence services ensure that using various departments and units, it detects any likely terrorist activity that is planned against the country. It does this by collecting and conducting an analysis on information in with regard to any possible terrorist activity. National intelligence acts as a program that establishes a counterterrorism centre for coordinating across every departmental line and serves as the primary execut ive branch organization for strategically planning of operations that are suitable for countering terrorism. It addresses efforts that are aimed at establishing tight national border controls as well as increasing the security in transportation against the terrorist activities. Military defense

IN REPORT FORMAT,EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR Essay

IN REPORT FORMAT,EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR CHOICE WHICH CAMPAIGNS OR ADVOCATES FOR CHILDREN,YOUNG PEOPLE AND FAMILIES - Essay Example (BBC News, 2007) Butler (2007) reported that NSPCC was able to raise as much as  £250 million through public campaigns since 1999 aside from the fact that the independent charity organization received a total of  £30 million from the government fund during the past four years. Despite the large sum of money gathered to combat child abuse throughout the United Kingdom, the number of children below the age of 15 years old who die from physical abuse and negligence throughout the United Kingdom has increased from 0.4 to 0.9 deaths per 100,000 children (Guardian, 2003; Unicef, 2003). As part of discussing NSPCC’s campaign and advocates for children, young people, and families, the work and involvement of NSPCC in terms of dealing with young people through ‘child line’ and families will be tackled followed by going through its impact over the life of millions of children, young children, and families. Eventually, the effectiveness of NSPCC’s campaigns and advocates for children, young people, and families will be assessed using a brief one-on-one interview with randomly selected children below the age of 18 combined with the public news and reports of NSPCC’s performance. Launched back in 1986 (NSPCC, 2008k), the main purpose of NSPCC campaigners for children is to give courage to children who have been a victim of domestic abuse to speak up against the person who abuses the child physically, verbally and/or emotionally. With the use of ChildLine and NSPCC HelpLine including its online and text message services (NSPCC, 2008b & 2008d), NSPCC advocates can extend their support to children who need advices on issues related to bullying, sexual, emotional or physical abuse, self-harm, and family-related problems among others (NSPCC, 2008g). Eventually, NSPCC will help the callers to find ways to solve their problems. Given the large number of

Environmental Strategic Analysis

Environmental Strategic Analysis Running head: ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN AND STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF HP Environmental Scan and Strategic Analysis of HP Introduction to HP Hewlett-Packard (HP) is a computer and electronics company, and in the Fortune 500 list, it has been ranked 11th. It has an eminent team of 142,000 employees scattered around 170 countries. Palo Alto in California is the headquarter of HP. The companys offerings are in the fields of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, personal computing and access devices, imagining and printing, global services. Silicon Valley start-up is the other name given to HP and is known for developing scientific calculator which was the first hand-held. It has a huge Product and service categories. The company has a huge investment in Research and Development (RD), nearly about $4 billion. This has fuelled the invention of new products, technologies and solutions (Datamonitor, 2004). Step 1 Following are the three forces from remote environment, which Influence the company are: Technological factor Political factors Ecological factors Technological factor Technological factors comprises of the factors that are associated with applied knowledge, machines, materials those are used for the production of goods and services that greatly has a impact on the business. Important factors that influence technological environment are technological sources like company source, foreign source, external source, and cost of acquiring technology. Another factor is development in the technology, rate of change of technology and research and development. In Todays world technology plays a vital role. This factor has a great relevance to the company, as it has a great impact on human beings and also effects communication in management. It is used as strategic weapon in order to fight the competition in a long run. The technology of HP addresses in China, Russia, Brazil, and India. It has successfully adapted to various needs; for example to the non-Western languages, infrastructures, that are unique. Researchers are striving for creating such a technology that can leverage a role of mass communications medium instead of television. As compared to internet, TV is much more persistent as more than 130 private channels are available. HP Labs researchers are looking for the ways to complement TV broadcasts with synchronized printed material that is used for education and other important applications (kotler, 2003). The strategic implication of technological change has lead to change in competitive cost position, creating new markets and also refined business segments. The companys major goal is to assist customers across the world by enhancing the access to information and communications technologies which can satisfy their needs in best possible manner; this can help the company to capture its next billion customers. HP has the ISS Technology that gives information about new updated technology innovations and their implementations in the Industry Standard Server (ISS) product line. Conventionally management products were built on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which became a persistent management technology. However, relative to current alternatives SNMP-based management solutions has gained scrutiny for their simple structure. A new product which is based on Web-based Enterprise Management (WBEM) was introduced by HP, that consist of management and Internet standard technologies which help to unite the management of distributed computing environments. HP Insight Management WBEM Provides Many advantages for Windows. Ecological Factors The major global concern is the deteriorating environment. The concern arises because many global cities have crossed the dangerous level of air and water pollution. The greenhouse gases are the major cause of these environmental hazards. In many countries strict rules have been imposed in order to reduce industrial pollution. Many clubs and NGOs have also came forward as watchdogs. New regulations being imposed on companies have proved expensive to them. The industries like steel, auto, IT, FMCG, have invested billions of dollars in environment pollution control equipments. Many other industries had to increase their products biodegradability (Misra Puri, 2007). The companies have to be more conscious about various opportunities and threats arising due to ecological degradation. Some of the areas of concern for the companies are shortage of raw material, increased energy cost, increased level of pollution and change in government rules. (Kazmi, 2002).HP was using Brominated flame Retardant (BFR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for computing products which are harmful to the nature. It has resorted to eliminate all uses of Brominated flame Retardant (BFR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from its computing products which are to be launched in 2009 because of the availability of technologically feasible alternatives, which will not negotiate product performance and quality and will not adversely impact health and the environment. HP eliminated more than 95 percent of the BFRs used in the external case parts of its products more than 10 years ago, including two, PBDE and PBB, which were subsequently among the substances restricted by the Restrictions of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive. During the same timeframe, HP also eliminated polyvinyl chloride from the external case parts of its products. It is further working with suppliers and identifying such materials which will have no/reduced adverse impact on the environment and the customers as well. They are in the process of evaluating the whole life cycle of the products, cost and environmental impact of new products and identifying alternative materials which will have less impact on the environment. In spite of their best efforts, it is difficult for them to confirm the claims for new materials used because the new materials may not have been researched as thoroughly as existing materials. Political Factors All the company decisions are very much affected by the political and legal developments taking place in the countries it is operating. This environment comprises of the pressure groups, laws and government agencies which influences and limits various companies and their working. It consists of factors related to management of public affairs and their impact on the businesses. Industrialist shows keen interest in the politics of both home and host countries. The reasons may be several. Legislations affecting business are set by political parties. The government despite of taking liberalization measures, exercise enormous regulatory powers that can make or destroy any organization. Political funding of elections is widespread among the business houses. Several of them come openly in favor of a particular political party while a few join politics. Political stability in the country also attracts multinationals, because the stability in the country is directly linked to the economic development of the country as a whole. Hewlett-Packard is also liable to follow the regulations regarding hazardous substances, such as the EU restrictions of Hazardous Substances and Japan J-MOSS. These restrictions have forced the company to use substitutes of hazardous materials. The other regulation REACH, which replaces the existing EU legislations of chemicals with a single system for all chemical substances, has also to be followed by the company. These regulations give greater responsibility to the company to assess the properties of chemicals and manage the environmental and health risks, and at the same time communicate information to suppliers and users for the supply of the materials of such specifications only. While complying with all regulations, HP is supporting the overall objective of REACH to improve and protect human health and the environment. The long standing policy of Hewlett-Packard is to provide such products and services which are safe to use and environmentally favorable throughout their lifecycle. The company is planning to meet all the specifications of such rules and is committed to provide its customers with the required information about the chemicals which are being used in their products, in order to comply with REACH. The company is also working with government and industry to ensure a workable system which satisfies the primary goal of REACH. The suppliers are also convinced to ensure that the companies products mach the needs of the regulations. Step 2 HP has gained Strategic adaptability through Sustainable competitive advantage, which helps the company to maintain and improve the competitive position in the market. Customer plays a key role in todays world as they want the products quicker, cheaper, and also want it their way. The company has built its sustainable competitive advantage around the following: The corporate capabilities: Competitive advantage can be determined in two ways- firstly based on distinctive capabilities and second reproducible capabilities. People also act as the Main Source for Competitive Advantage. Corporate Culture plays a vital role in achieving competitive advantage HP has gained it through intricate interactions between individuals, organizations and environmental factors. Environmental analysis of HP through SWOT analysis For making the overall environmental analysis of Hewlett-Packard we analyze the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths and weaknesses of the company constitute the internal environmental analysis while the opportunities and threats constitute the external environmental analysis. Strengths of HP Its customer loyalty is the main strength of HP. Apart from this; HP is the leading innovator for nearly seven decades as it invests almost $4 billion annually on RD. Other strengths lie in Printer business, Brand, Technology Knowledge, relationships, Sales compensation. It has been able to supply the different features that consumers want at competitive prices. HP has been able to retain the customer loyalty because they are strongly attracted to the unique features of products. Technical superiority and quality products have kept the company at the top of the computer printers market. Weaknesses of HP Its wide range of operations all round the world possesses the problem of communication in the organization. Its manpower team of about 142000 employees round the world sometimes paves the way to cultural differences. Other weaknesses lie in Distribution of inventory, Culture, internally focused, incur excess Costs Opportunities of HP With its high and focused research team, it can make more innovative products and develop products of customer requirements. Its huge size and scope of operations will enable it to reach new markets and serve them with comparatively lower costs. Its supply chain of $52 billion will also help the company expand its business. Threats of HP The company being ranked at 11 positions in the world poses the competition from other big and small companies like DELL (producing cheap, quality, no inventory), IBM, Microsoft, Starbucks etc. Its main area of concern is to focus on a small segment of electronic goods only. It has been observed that other threat is weaken manufacturing system. Remote environment The Remote environment consists of Economic factors, Social factors, Political factors, Technological factors and Ecological factors. Economic factor: It involves factors related to production and tells about the distribution of wealth. A year ago, the revenue in third quarter rose to $21.9 billion, up 5%. In 2005, the quarter was greatly affected by a larger-than-normal provision for taxes of $960 million which resulted from the companys decision in order to send home $14.5 billion in cash from foreign earnings. Company reported a 65.4% improvement that is in terms of operating income. According to the analyst of Goldman Sachss, HP does not seem to be tripping over out of its way to cite problems in the overall economic environment. According to the beat analyst of HP, the company announced to buy back $6 billion in stock, which is larger repurchase and represents more than 6% shares at current prices. The computer division in the competitive market is very profitable for the company. Due to this the revenue of the company has grew 8% to $6.9 billion. Technological factors: Development in the technology, rate of change in technology and research and development are the major factors. The latest technologies announced by the company are:- Gesture keyboard: Roman alphabet was the prominent feature in Traditional keyboards; recently HP researchers have produced a stylus-and-tablet solution, which is easy for people to study and use. For filling out forms, Pen-based solutions: it consists of digital ink which can be transferred to central location, here handwritten input gets converted to machine-readable text which helps in storage and processing . TV broadcasts that are Print-supplemented: HP researchers are focusing on developing technology which can deliver print material in synchronization with TV programming. Multimedia education centers: HP researchers are working on a technology that can provide on-demand broadcast education programming for learning institutions which can enable multimedia access. Secured paper documents: Company is extending its public services to small towns in remote areas with the help of Internet cafes instead of local government offices. The problem in the secured paper documents is the authenticity of the transmitted documents. Political Factors: Hewlett-Packard is also liable to follow the regulations regarding hazardous substances, such as the EU restrictions of Hazardous Substances and Japan J-MOSS. The other regulation like REACH, which replaces the existing EU legislations of chemicals with a single system for all chemical substances has also to be followed by the company. Ecological Factors: The companies have to be more conscious about various opportunities and threats arising due to ecological degradation. Some of the concerning areas for the companies are shortage of raw material, increased energy cost, increased level of pollution and change in government rules. HP was using Brominated flame Retardant (BFR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for computing products which are harmful to the nature. It has resorted to eliminate all uses of Brominated flame Retardant (BFR) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from its computing products which are to be launched in 2009 because of the availability of technologically feasible Political Factors This environment comprises of the pressure groups, laws and government agencies which influences and limits various companies and their working. Hewlett-Packard is also liable to follow the regulations regarding hazardous substances, such as the EU restrictions of Hazardous Substances and Japan J-MOSS. These restrictions have forced the company to use substitutes of hazardous materials. The other regulation like REACH which replaces the existing EU legislations of chemicals with a single system for all chemical substances has also to be followed by the company. These regulations give greater responsibility to the company to assess the properties of chemicals and manage the environmental and health risks, and at the same time communicate information to suppliers and users for the supply of the materials of such specifications only. Social factors HP is involved in various social issues. For e.g. it is engaged in various soil and ground water conservation products. It also recycles the PCs and other electronic goods which it produces. This helps to safeguard the society. It also takes cares of its employees health and safety. Global Environment Reasons for firms going Global In few years more companies are venturing into global operations in order to achieve the benefits of economies of scale and widen their customer base. The home country market becomes saturated after a period of time, which forces the company to search for new markets in order to enhance its revenues. Companies also venture foreign markets in order to take the advantage of cheaper sources of material and other resources. Going global also reduces the dependency on any on market. Complexity of the global environment When company goes global various complexities are faced by it, these include the differences in culture or know how to deal effectively with the national of other country, difficulty in understanding the preferences of the customers of that country, the company might also to offer a product which is competitively attractive. Various legal regulations also put forth many problems in front of the companies going abroad. The devaluation of currency, Political instability, property which is expropriated and huge cost involved in setting up plants and basic infrastructure are the other factors which creates complexities for the companies. Control problems of the global firm Major control problems of the firms include the differences in way of handling the issues and problems by the employees. For example the companies of US follow the X theory while the Japanese follow the Y theory of dealing with employees. Global strategic planningIt is essential for every business in order to attain the growth of the business. Its future depends on the strategic plans it made I its die course of operations. In order to exploit various environmental opportunities and limit the adverse effects of environmental threats strategic planning is essential. Industry environment HP most complex global supply chain IT industry. Approximately $50 billion it spends annually in order to procure materials, components, manufacturing, and distribution. HP is investing in supply chain, social and environmental responsibility (SER) which reflects the global citizenship principles committed and shows whether supplier diversity meets stakeholder expectations. HP main foundation lies in the protection of international human rights HP is committed towards the lives of the workers who manufacture the products. Competitive forces that helped HP in gaining competitive advantages HP has gained Strategic adaptability through Sustainable competitive advantage which helps the company to maintain and improve the competitive position in the market. Customer plays a key role in todays world as they want the products quicker, cheaper, and also want it their way. The company has built its sustainable competitive advantage around the following: The corporate capabilities. Competitive advantage can be determined in two ways- firstly based on distinctive capabilities and second reproducible capabilities. People also act as the Main Source for Competitive Advantage. Corporate Culture plays a vital role, in achieving competitive advantage HP has gained it through from intricate interactions between individuals, organizations and environmental factors. Contending forces Threat of entry: new entrants decrease profitability. The profit rate will fall unless the entry of new firms is blocked by incumbents. HP can focus on patents, rights, economies of product, brand equity, switching costs Powerful suppliers: it can be described as the market of inputs. Raw materials, components, and services which are provided by suppliers can exercise power over the firm Powerful buyers: it refers to final consumers or the distributors of the firm or the market of outputs. There bargaining power of customers puts the firm under pressure to change prices. Substitute products: these are the alternatives available to the consumers; their availability enhances the propensity of customers to switch to other products (Ramaswamy Namakumari, 2007). Operating Environment Competitive position: HP is the worlds largest computer and electronics company. It ranks 11th in the fortune 500 companies. The company is known for the first Silicon Valley start up. Its goodwill in the market is very good. Customer profiles: As the company is working worldwide it has a large customer base which is loyal to it. The customers include both the direct customers and business houses as it customers. Suppliers: Suppliers are the most important part of the organization. Without them no organization can survive. The supplier base of HP is of around $52 billion which is the largest in the IT industry. The company chooses them on the merit base of their products. Creditors: The creditors constitute a very important part of the company. They are the firms and individuals which provide company with funds on credit. The suppliers also form a part of the creditors. Human resources: The Company has a wide employee base with about 142000 workers working all round the world. Its employees are highly innovative and culturally diversified. Vision and values of HP Vision and values of HP has helped in achieving long term objectives. For about 7 decades, HP has proved to be a leader in innovative products. Its objectives and mission being aligned with its size and scale help the company to offer customers competitively priced products at lower costs. The company has a $52 billion supply-chain which is the largest in the IT industry. The company focuses on improving its customer relations and tries to make them learn about the company. Its strategies for supply are successful because it supplies competitive products at low prices. Its customer loyalty has also been excellent. References Kotler, P. (2003). Marketing management. 11th Edition, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. Ramaswamy, V.S. Namakumari, S. (2007). Strategic Planning Formulation of Corporate strategy. New Delhi: MacMillan India Ltd. Misra, S.K. Puri, V.K. (2007). Economic environment of business. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House. Kazmi, A. (2002). Business policy and Strategic Management. 2nd Edition, Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. Wheelen, T.L. hunger, J.D, (2007), Strategic Management and Business Policy. 9th Edition. Delhi: Pearson Education Pte. Ltd. H. R. practices. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from www.hp.com

Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus and Stings Essay -- Lady Lazarus Essays

Lady Lazarus and Stings Sylvia Plath's works are known for their extremes. Much of the influence of her poems came from the males in her life that had the most effect on her; her father, Otto Plath and Ted Hughes, who she married and later it fell apart when Ted began having an affair. The effects of these men on her were mostly negative, making her poems to have loathing and suffering. Otto Plath published a book about bees early in Sylvia's life, and he kept bees, which was an n activity later carried on by his daughter. Sylvia wrote a poem about bees called "Stings." Otto had a form of diabetes, and he refused any kind of medical treatment, therefor leading to his death. Sylvia followed his example and it is shown in "Tulips" and "Daddy". The fact that she devoted an entire poem to her father, and the hurt and pain that was caused by him, shows how intensely she felt about him. "Her father's death left her not only with a hoard of unresolved grief, but it also left her defenseless against her mother's unintended vampirish harm. She... Sylvia Plath's Lady Lazarus and Stings Essay -- Lady Lazarus Essays Lady Lazarus and Stings Sylvia Plath's works are known for their extremes. Much of the influence of her poems came from the males in her life that had the most effect on her; her father, Otto Plath and Ted Hughes, who she married and later it fell apart when Ted began having an affair. The effects of these men on her were mostly negative, making her poems to have loathing and suffering. Otto Plath published a book about bees early in Sylvia's life, and he kept bees, which was an n activity later carried on by his daughter. Sylvia wrote a poem about bees called "Stings." Otto had a form of diabetes, and he refused any kind of medical treatment, therefor leading to his death. Sylvia followed his example and it is shown in "Tulips" and "Daddy". The fact that she devoted an entire poem to her father, and the hurt and pain that was caused by him, shows how intensely she felt about him. "Her father's death left her not only with a hoard of unresolved grief, but it also left her defenseless against her mother's unintended vampirish harm. She...